Python中scatter散点图及颜色大全

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import numpy as npimport matplotlib.pyplot as pltplt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False#matplotlib画图中中文显示会有问题，需要这两行设置默认字体plt.xlabel('X')plt.ylabel('Y')plt.xlim(xmax=9,xmin=0)plt.ylim(ymax=9,ymin=0)#画两条（0-9）的坐标轴并设置轴标签x，yx1 = np.random.normal(2,1.2,300) # 随机产生300个平均值为2，方差为1.2的浮点数，即第一簇点的x轴坐标y1 = np.random.normal(2,1.2,300) # 随机产生300个平均值为2，方差为1.2的浮点数，即第一簇点的y轴坐标x2 = np.random.normal(7.5,1.2,300)y2 = np.random.normal(7.5,1.2,300)  colors1 = '#00CED1' #点的颜色colors2 = '#DC143C'area = np.pi * 4**2  # 点面积 # 画散点图plt.scatter(x1, y1, s=area, c=colors1, alpha=0.4, label='类别A')plt.scatter(x2, y2, s=area, c=colors2, alpha=0.4, label='类别B')plt.plot([0,9.5],[9.5,0],linewidth = '0.5',color='#000000')plt.legend()plt.savefig(r'C:/Users/jichao/Desktop/大论文/12345svm.png', dpi=300)plt.show()

效果

rcParams

rcParams用来设置画图时的一些基本参数

scatter

matplotlib.pyplot.scatter(x, y, s=None, c=None, marker=None, cmap=None, norm=None, vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=None, linewidths=None, verts=None, edgecolors=None, *, data=None, **kwargs)

• x,y——设置点的位置

• s——点的大小

• c——点的颜色

• marker——点的形状

• cmap——可以用来控制颜色渐变，具体用法，见例子http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_c39df0460102xifx.html

• norm——亮度

• vmin，vmax——标准化亮度

• alpha——点的透明度，透明度设置的好能够使图好看

• linewidths，verts，edgcolors——点边缘线宽，（x，y）的序列，边缘线颜色

• **kwargs——以字典方式输入参数

savefig

savefig(fname, dpi=None, facecolor='w', edgecolor='w',        orientation='portrait', papertype=None, format=None,        transparent=False, bbox_inches=None, pad_inches=0.1,        frameon=None, metadata=None)

主要用到的参数就两个，fname——保存路径；dpi——每英寸像素数，可以理解为清晰度或细腻度

配色

这两行代码中——‘#00CED1’——为颜色值

colors1 = '#00CED1' # 点的颜色colors2 = '#DC143C'

所有颜色的名字及值：

'aliceblue':            '#F0F8FF','antiquewhite':         '#FAEBD7','aqua':                 '#00FFFF','aquamarine':           '#7FFFD4','azure':                '#F0FFFF','beige':                '#F5F5DC','bisque':               '#FFE4C4','black':                '#000000','blanchedalmond':       '#FFEBCD','blue':                 '#0000FF','blueviolet':           '#8A2BE2','brown':                '#A52A2A','burlywood':            '#DEB887','cadetblue':            '#5F9EA0','chartreuse':           '#7FFF00','chocolate':            '#D2691E','coral':                '#FF7F50','cornflowerblue':       '#6495ED','cornsilk':             '#FFF8DC','crimson':              '#DC143C','cyan':                 '#00FFFF','darkblue':             '#00008B','darkcyan':             '#008B8B','darkgoldenrod':        '#B8860B','darkgray':             '#A9A9A9','darkgreen':            '#006400','darkkhaki':            '#BDB76B','darkmagenta':          '#8B008B','darkolivegreen':       '#556B2F','darkorange':           '#FF8C00','darkorchid':           '#9932CC','darkred':              '#8B0000','darksalmon':           '#E9967A','darkseagreen':         '#8FBC8F','darkslateblue':        '#483D8B','darkslategray':        '#2F4F4F','darkturquoise':        '#00CED1','darkviolet':           '#9400D3','deeppink':             '#FF1493','deepskyblue':          '#00BFFF','dimgray':              '#696969','dodgerblue':           '#1E90FF','firebrick':            '#B22222','floralwhite':          '#FFFAF0','forestgreen':          '#228B22','fuchsia':              '#FF00FF','gainsboro':            '#DCDCDC','ghostwhite':           '#F8F8FF','gold':                 '#FFD700','goldenrod':            '#DAA520','gray':                 '#808080','green':                '#008000','greenyellow':          '#ADFF2F','honeydew':             '#F0FFF0','hotpink':              '#FF69B4','indianred':            '#CD5C5C','indigo':               '#4B0082','ivory':                '#FFFFF0','khaki':                '#F0E68C','lavender':             '#E6E6FA','lavenderblush':        '#FFF0F5','lawngreen':            '#7CFC00','lemonchiffon':         '#FFFACD','lightblue':            '#ADD8E6','lightcoral':           '#F08080','lightcyan':            '#E0FFFF','lightgoldenrodyellow': '#FAFAD2','lightgreen':           '#90EE90','lightgray':            '#D3D3D3','lightpink':            '#FFB6C1','lightsalmon':          '#FFA07A','lightseagreen':        '#20B2AA','lightskyblue':         '#87CEFA','lightslategray':       '#778899','lightsteelblue':       '#B0C4DE','lightyellow':          '#FFFFE0','lime':                 '#00FF00','limegreen':            '#32CD32','linen':                '#FAF0E6','magenta':              '#FF00FF','maroon':               '#800000','mediumaquamarine':     '#66CDAA','mediumblue':           '#0000CD','mediumorchid':         '#BA55D3','mediumpurple':         '#9370DB','mediumseagreen':       '#3CB371','mediumslateblue':      '#7B68EE','mediumspringgreen':    '#00FA9A','mediumturquoise':      '#48D1CC','mediumvioletred':      '#C71585','midnightblue':         '#191970','mintcream':            '#F5FFFA','mistyrose':            '#FFE4E1','moccasin':             '#FFE4B5','navajowhite':          '#FFDEAD','navy':                 '#000080','oldlace':              '#FDF5E6','olive':                '#808000','olivedrab':            '#6B8E23','orange':               '#FFA500','orangered':            '#FF4500','orchid':               '#DA70D6','palegoldenrod':        '#EEE8AA','palegreen':            '#98FB98','paleturquoise':        '#AFEEEE','palevioletred':        '#DB7093','papayawhip':           '#FFEFD5','peachpuff':            '#FFDAB9','peru':                 '#CD853F','pink':                 '#FFC0CB','plum':                 '#DDA0DD','powderblue':           '#B0E0E6','purple':               '#800080','red':                  '#FF0000','rosybrown':            '#BC8F8F','royalblue':            '#4169E1','saddlebrown':          '#8B4513','salmon':               '#FA8072','sandybrown':           '#FAA460','seagreen':             '#2E8B57','seashell':             '#FFF5EE','sienna':               '#A0522D','silver':               '#C0C0C0','skyblue':              '#87CEEB','slateblue':            '#6A5ACD','slategray':            '#708090','snow':                 '#FFFAFA','springgreen':          '#00FF7F','steelblue':            '#4682B4','tan':                  '#D2B48C','teal':                 '#008080','thistle':              '#D8BFD8','tomato':               '#FF6347','turquoise':            '#40E0D0','violet':               '#EE82EE','wheat':                '#F5DEB3','white':                '#FFFFFF','whitesmoke':           '#F5F5F5','yellow':               '#FFFF00','yellowgreen':          '#9ACD32'